Word Parts

Word Roots Combining Forms

Indicates the involved body part

Arthro means joint.

nay means pertaining to birth.

Suffixes

Indicates the procedure, disorder, condition, or disease.

Itis means inflammation

tall means pertaining to.

Prefixes

Indicates locations, time, number, or status.

pre means before

Combining Word Roots

Combining forms are created by adding a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), usually the letter "o", to the end of a word root. It is used when connecting word roots or when the word root is joined to a suffix that begins with a consonant.

Singular to Plural Form

Table 1: Singular to Plural Form

Suffixes

Common suffixes used to describe pathologies:

-algia

pain

-dynia

pain

-itis

inflammation

-megaly

enlargement

-necrosis

tissue death

-sclerosis

hardening

-stenonis

narrowing

Common suffixes used to describe procedures:

-centesis

puncture to remove a fluid

-graphy

obtaining an image or record

-gram

image

-plasty

surgical repair

-scopy

visual examination

Root Words with Prefixes

Table 2: Root Words with Prefixes

Root Words with Suffixes

Table 3: Root Words with Suffixes

What Makes an Oral Presentation Effective

Strategies for Adapting to Particular Audiences

Every audience is different. At the same time, effective speaking is about making certain generalizations and adapting speaking choices to those generalizations. Some suggestions for adapting to particular audience situations are:

The audience feels general agreement with the speaker and embraces the topic

Speakers should devote less time to their introduction.

If the speech is persuasive more attention should be paid to solutions and ways the audience can get involved in pursuing those solutions.

Language can be more emotional as a way of generating enthusiasm.

The audience lacks familiarity with the topic

Speakers should use simple language and strategies that illustrate and clearly explain the topic.

Similarly, the speaker should draw connections between the topic and the audience as a means of generating interest about the topic.

One particular strategy is for the speaker to draw analogies between the topic areas known to be salient to the audience.

The audience disagrees with the speaker and/or topic

The speaker should devote more time to building a positive relationship with the audience.

This likely means a longer introduction that builds to the topic through appeals about which the audience can feel positively.

The speaker will also need to devote more time to building the case for the topic by using evidence likely to be seen by the audience as credible.

The audience lacks an interest in the topic

The speaker should find ways to connect the topic with audience experiences as a means of highlighting its importance to them.

Audiences that lack interest in a topic are also likely to listen less critically, meaning that delivery and appearance may be more important in this type of situation.

Word List

Table 4: Prefixes

Table 5: Suffixes

Vocabulary

Table 6: Vocabulary