Johnny Seeds: Basil
https://cea.cals.cornell.edu/
Action Spectra for Light-induced Germination in Dormant Lettuce Seeds
Light Effects on Endogenous Levels of Gibberellins in Photoblastic Lettuce Seeds
Johnny Seeds: Salanova Lettuce
Cornell CEA Baby Spinach Handbook
Cornell CEA Lettuce Handbook

Terminology

Leggy Etiolation
Long, thin, and weak stems that cause the young plant to flop over.
These spindly plants lack the structure necessary to support healthy head formation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is my plant leggy?
Insufficient light intensity. In the absence of bright, close light, the plant enters a growth phase called phototropism. It rapidly elongates its stem in search of a more intense light source.
  • Place supplemental lighting, grow lights, closer to the seedlings.
  • Maintain a consistent light duration of 14 to 16 hours per day.
Excessive heat accelerates the plant’s growth rate w/o providing energy for structural development. Lettuce is a cool-season crop, and warm indoor temperatures encourage rapid, frail vertical growth.
  • Aim to keep the growing area cool, especially at night. Nighttime temperatures around 55°F are ideal because they slow down the rapid vertical cell division that causes stretching. This encourages the plant to focus energy on robust root and leaf development.
Introduce gentle air circulation to strengthen stems. A small oscillating fan directed toward the seedlings simulates a slight breeze, causing the stems to move and flex. This mechanical stress prompts the plant to build thicker cell walls for better structural support.

Nutrients

A pH of 5.8 is considered optimum for the described lettuce growing system, however a range of 5.6–6.0 is acceptable.1

Lettuce pH

NPK Ratios
Cornell CEA uses a 4:1:7 NPK ratio.
  1. Cornell CEA Lettuce Handbook