Terminology

Lysine Lactylation (Kla)

A post‑translational modification linking cellular metabolism to epigenetic and signaling pathways.

This process is regulated by a range of enzymes and metabolites, including lactate.

Review Articles

Histone and non-histone lactylation: molecular mechanisms, biological functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets Peng et al. 2025 Review Article

"Beyond chromatin, [lactylation] has also been identified in a growing number of non‑histone proteins, ... such as AARS1‑K120la, ACSS2‑Kla, MRE11‑K673la, NBS1 K388la and GNAT13‑Kla has illuminated novel regulatory mechanisms and reinforced the potential of non‑histone [lactylation] as a promising avenue for research."

"In this review, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanisms, biological functions, disease associations, and therapeutic implications of both histone and non‑histone [lactylation]."

Lactylation: From Homeostasis to Pathological Implications and Therapeutic Strategies Chen et al. 2025 Review Article

"This review systematically explores the enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms underlying protein lactylation, shedding light on the interplay between cellular metabolism and epigenetic control."

"We comprehensively analyze its biological functions in normal physiology, such as immune homeostasis and tissue repair, and its dysregulation in pathological contexts, including cancer, inflammation, and metabolic disorders."

"Moreover, we discuss advanced detection technologies and potential therapeutic interventions targeting lactylation pathways."

Lactylation: From Molecular Insights to Disease Relevance Xu et al. 2025 Review Article

"We hope to explore lactylation targets for different diseases, thus providing potential clues for new therapeutic strategies."

Lactylation: novel epigenetic regulatory and therapeutic opportunities Fan et al. 2023 Review Article

"Based on our review, the cross talk between the metabolome and epigenome induced by glycolysis may indicate novel epigenetic regulatory and therapeutic opportunities."

Lactylation: The emerging frontier in post-translational modification Lu et al. 2024 Review Article

"This review aims to succinctly outline the process of lactylation modification and the characterization of protein lactylation across diverse organisms."

"Additionally, a summary of the regulatory mechanisms of lactylation in cellular processes and specific diseases is presented."

"Finally, this review concludes by delineating existing research gaps in lactylation and proposing primary directions for future investigations."

Research Articles

Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation Zhang et al. 2020 Author Manuscript

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Data Articles

Global profiling of protein lactylation in Caenorhabditis elegans Ding et al. 2023 Dataset Brief

"Thus, we studied the lactylation of global proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans to obtain aninvivolactylome."

"This study establishes the first lactylome database in C. elegans and provides a basis for studying the role of lactylation."