Eukaryote Cell Structures

Different cells have different organelles/number of organelles depending on their function.

Cell Membrane: Same functionality as prokaryote cell membrane.; More complicated than the cell membrane of prokaryotes.
Cell Wall: Provides protection and structure to the cells.; Only plants/fungi have cell walls.; No animals have cell walls - we have bones and don't need the extra support.; This allows us to target prokaryotic bacteria with antibiotics.
The antibiotics attack the cell wall of the pathogenic bacteria.
Cytoplasm: All cells have cytoplasm.
Cytoskeleton: Acts like a scaffold for the organelles.; Internal transport, intracellular movement, intracellular organization and support.

Endomembrane System

Cellular factory for where proteins and lipids are made.

Ribosomes Factory Workers: Protein synthesis (assembles amino acids); Can be found free-floating in cytoplasm or on the Rough-Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Rough-Endoplasmic Reticulum Assembly Line Contains Ribosomes: Protein synthesis and modification for export.
Smooth-Endoplasmic Reticulum No Ribosomes: Handles lipid synthesis and detoxification.; This is not involved in protein synthesis.
Golgi Apparatus Processing Center: Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins from the ER into vesicles for delivery.
Vesicles Delivery Truck: Transports materials throughout the cell and to the cellular surface.

DNA > RNA > Ribosomes > Rough-ER > ~~Smooth-ER~~ > Golgi Apparatus > Vesicles > Destination.

Prokaryotes don't have internal organelles and use ribosomes free-floating in the cytoplasm to build less-complex proteins.

Mitochondria Animals & Plants: Converts nutrients (consumed or found in soil) into ATP.
Chloroplasts Plants: Converts light energy into ATP.

Lysosomes Cellular Janitors Animals: Contains digestive enzymes.; Breaks down waste, work-out organelles, foreign substances.; Plants have cell walls and have less cleanup to do.
Peroxisomes Detox Centers Animals & Plants: Detoxifies harmful substances.; Breaks down fatty-acids/lipids.; Convert hydrogen peroxide to water.
Vacuoles Storage & Support Animals & Plants: Used as small, temporary storage vesicles in animals.; Used for water storage and structural support in plants.

Cilia: Tiny hair like structures on the outside of the cell used for moving external fluids.; Moving mucus in respiratory tract.
Flagella: Tail used for movement.; Sperm cell locomotion.
Microvilli: Provides increased surface area for increased absorption.; Small intestine cells - maximize nutrient absorption